Friday, December 7, 2018

CLASH OF CIVILIZATION (wikipedia)


Huntington began his thinking by surveying the diverse theories about the nature of global politics in the post-Cold War period. Some theorists and writers argued that human rights, liberal democracy, and the capitalist free market economy had become the only remaining ideological alternative for nations in the post-Cold War world. Specifically, Francis Fukuyama argued that the world had reached the 'end of history' in a Hegelian sense.
Huntington believed that while the age of ideology had ended, the world had only reverted to a normal state of affairs characterized by cultural conflict. In his thesis, he argued that the primary axis of conflict in the future will be along cultural lines.[9] As an extension, he posits that the concept of different civilizations, as the highest rank of cultural identity, will become increasingly useful in analyzing the potential for conflict. At the end of his 1993 Foreign Affairs article, "The Clash of Civilizations?", Huntington writes, "This is not to advocate the desirability of conflicts between civilizations. It is to set forth descriptive hypothesis as to what the future may be like."[2]
In addition, the clash of civilizations, for Huntington, represents a development of history. In the past, world history was mainly about the struggles between monarchs, nations and ideologies, such as seen within Western civilization. But after the end of the Cold War, world politics moved into a new phase, in which non-Western civilizations are no longer the exploited recipients of Western civilization but have become additional important actors joining the West to shape and move world history.[10]


Terjemahan oleh Google:
 
Huntington memulai pemikirannya dengan mensurvei berbagai teori tentang sifat politik global dalam periode pasca-Perang Dingin. Beberapa ahli teori dan penulis berpendapat bahwa hak asasi manusia, demokrasi liberal, dan ekonomi pasar bebas kapitalis telah menjadi satu-satunya alternatif ideologis yang tersisa bagi negara-negara di dunia pasca-Perang Dingin. Secara khusus, Francis Fukuyama berpendapat bahwa dunia telah mencapai 'akhir sejarah' dalam pengertian Hegelian.
Huntington percaya bahwa ketika zaman ideologi telah berakhir, dunia hanya kembali ke keadaan normal yang dicirikan oleh konflik budaya. Dalam tesisnya, ia berpendapat bahwa poros utama konflik di masa depan akan berada di sepanjang garis budaya. [9] Sebagai perpanjangan, ia berpendapat bahwa konsep peradaban yang berbeda, sebagai pangkat tertinggi identitas budaya, akan menjadi semakin berguna dalam menganalisis potensi konflik. Pada akhir artikel 1993 Urusan Luar Negeri-nya, "The Clash of Civilizations?", Huntington menulis, "Ini bukan untuk menganjurkan keinginan konflik antar peradaban. Ini adalah untuk menetapkan hipotesis deskriptif seperti apa masa depan mungkin seperti. "[2]
Selain itu, benturan peradaban, bagi Huntington, merupakan perkembangan sejarah. Di masa lalu, sejarah dunia terutama tentang perjuangan antara raja, negara dan ideologi, seperti yang terlihat dalam peradaban Barat. Tetapi setelah berakhirnya Perang Dingin, politik dunia bergerak ke fase baru, di mana peradaban non-Barat tidak lagi menjadi penerima eksploitasi peradaban Barat tetapi telah menjadi aktor penting tambahan yang bergabung dengan Barat untuk membentuk dan menggerakkan sejarah dunia. ]

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